In hibernate, we have many annotations. Each annotation has its importance to perform an operation. Likewise, @Formula is a hibernate annotation to calculate the dynamic value and assign that value to the property.

@Formula annotation takes the expression as a parameter, and at fetch time it will evaluate the expression and assigns an evaluated value to the property.

This @Formula parameter can be as complex as we want. That means, it may be a simple expression or it may be a complex query, this can be applied on top of the property.

In this tutorial, we are going to calculate the Employee total salary, using the @Formula annotation in hibernate.

@Formula Hibernate Example :

To make the example as simple, we figure the total employee salary like below.

Employee total salary = basic + conveyance + hra;

Let’s implement this calculation by using @Formula annotation in hibernate. Project Structure:

Required Dependencies :

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>org.springframework.samples</groupId>
  <artifactId>Hibernate-Formula-Example</artifactId>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  
  <properties>

    <!-- Generic properties -->
    <java.version>1.6</java.version>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>

    <!-- Spring -->
    <spring-framework.version>3.2.3.RELEASE</spring-framework.version>

    <!-- Hibernate / JPA -->
    <hibernate.version>4.2.1.Final</hibernate.version>

    <!-- Logging -->
    <logback.version>1.0.13</logback.version>
    <slf4j.version>1.7.5</slf4j.version>

    <!-- Test -->
    <junit.version>4.11</junit.version>

  </properties>
  
  <dependencies>
    <!-- Hibernate -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
      <artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
      <version>${hibernate.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- MySQL Driver -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.0.5</version>
        </dependency>
  </dependencies>	
</project>

Hibernate POJO :

Salaries.java

package com.onlinetutorialspoint.bean;

import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;

import org.hibernate.annotations.Formula;

@Entity
@Table(name = "salaries")
public class Salaries {
    @Id
    @Column(name = "empid")
    private int empId;
    @Column(name = "empname")
    private String empName;
    @Column(name = "basic")
    private int basic;
    @Column(name = "conveyance")
    private int conveyance;
    @Column(name = "hra")
    private int hra;

    @Formula(" basic + conveyance + hra ")
    private float total;

    public int getEmpId() {
        return empId;
    }

    public void setEmpId(int empId) {
        this.empId = empId;
    }

    public String getEmpName() {
        return empName;
    }

    public void setEmpName(String empName) {
        this.empName = empName;
    }

    public int getBasic() {
        return basic;
    }

    public void setBasic(int basic) {
        this.basic = basic;
    }

    public int getConveyance() {
        return conveyance;
    }

    public void setConveyance(int conveyance) {
        this.conveyance = conveyance;
    }

    public int getHra() {
        return hra;
    }

    public void setHra(int hra) {
        this.hra = hra;
    }

    public float getTotal() {
        return total;
    }

    public void setTotal(float total) {
        this.total = total;
    }

}

Let’s Run the Example :

import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration;

import com.onlinetutorialspoint.bean.Salaries;

public class Main {
    private static final SessionFactory concreteSessionFactory;
    static {
        try {
            concreteSessionFactory = new AnnotationConfiguration()
                    .configure().buildSessionFactory();
        } catch (Throwable ex) {
            throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(ex);
        }
    }
    public static Session getSession()
            throws HibernateException {
        return concreteSessionFactory.openSession();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Session session=getSession();
        Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
        Salaries salaries = new Salaries();
        salaries.setEmpName("Rahul");
        salaries.setBasic(10000);
        salaries.setConveyance(3000);
        salaries.setHra(7000);
        session.save(salaries);
        tx.commit();
        
        Salaries d=  (Salaries)session.get(Salaries.class,new Integer(1));    
        
        System.out.println("Employee Total Salary :"+d.getTotal());

    }

}

On the above example, we use session.get(Salaries.class, new Integer(1)) to get the Salaries details from hibernate cache or database.

Hibernate: insert into salaries (basic, conveyance, empname, hra, empid) values (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
Hibernate: select salaries0_.empid as empid1_0_0_, salaries0_.basic as basic2_0_0_, salaries0_.conveyance as conveyan3_0_0_, salaries0_.empname as empname4_0_0_, salaries0_.hra as hra5_0_0_,  salaries0_.basic + salaries0_.conveyance + salaries0_.hra  as formula0_0_ from salaries salaries0_ where salaries0_.empid=?
Employee Total Salary :20000.0

On the above example, we use @Formula annotation for simple expression. If we want to make this some more extent, we do.. Like below.

@Formula("(select min(s.hra) from salaries s) ")
private float total;

If you change the code like above, you can get the minimum hra in salaries table.

Happy Learning 🙂